![]() ![]() There is a small contribution from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. The retinacular branches arise from that anastomosis, supplying the neck. The ascending and transverse branches of LCFA and MCFA anastomose wrapping around the proximal part of the femur. The hip joint is supplied mainly by the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries arising from the profunda femoris artery. This is where the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery. The adductor hiatus is a gap between the adductor and hamstring heads of the adductor magnus muscle. The femoral artery then enters the adductor canal, which terminates at the adductor hiatus. Note that the profunda femoris artery never leaves the thigh. Perforating branches: three to four arteries supplying the posterior and anterolateral muscles of the thigh (adductor magnus, hamstrings, vastus lateralis).Lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA).Medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA).This vessel is also known as the deep artery of the thigh and has three main branches: The profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery. It supplies the anterior and anteromedial aspects of the thigh. The femoral artery runs in the middle of the femoral triangle. Coronary angiogram showing coronary artery occlusion (red arrow). This diagnostic procedure helps to demonstrate the patency of the coronary blood vessels. A dye is then injected, and X-ray images are taken (Figure 1) to show the blood supply of the heart. In coronary angiography, a thin catheter is introduced to the femoral artery and then travels retrograde along the course of the artery to the coronary vessels. Thanks to easy access, the artery is useful in clinical procedures such as coronary angiography. The femoral artery lies superficially in the femoral triangle and thus can be palpated just below the mid-inguinal point (half-way between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis). This muscle's complexity is in part derived from the fact that it divides into an adductor (pubofemoral) portion and a hamstring (ischiocondylar) portion.Ĭopyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.Clinical relevance: femoral artery access Adductor magnus will be the focus of this article. Some consider it the most powerful and the most complex of the adductor group. The adductor magnus is the largest of the medial compartment muscles it is the most posterior of the group. The nerve supply to most muscles in this compartment is the obturator nerve, which arises from the lumbar plexus from nerve roots L2-4. These muscles all serve as adductors of the thigh and also serve as important stabilizers of the pelvis and work to maintain the balance of the pelvis on the lower limb during gait. The medial compartment muscles include pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, and the largest of the group, adductor magnus. As is often the case, exceptions exist to the compartment generalizations the gracilis, rather than attaching to the femur, attaches to the proximal medial tibia as part of the pes anserine group. This group of muscles, in general, takes origin from the pelvis and inserts on the femur. ![]() The adductor group of thigh muscles occupies the medial myofascial compartment of the thigh.
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